pg_rational

Overview

Version

Build

You can build the RPM packages for pg_rational using pig build:

pig build pkg pg_rational         # build RPM packages

Install

You can install pg_rational directly. First, make sure the PGDG and PIGSTY repositories are added and enabled:

pig repo add pgsql -u          # Add repo and update cache

Install the extension using pig or apt/yum/dnf:

• Install
• pig
• dnf
• apt

pig install pg_rational;          # Install for current active PG version

pig ext install -y pg_rational -v 18  # PG 18
pig ext install -y pg_rational -v 17  # PG 17
pig ext install -y pg_rational -v 16  # PG 16
pig ext install -y pg_rational -v 15  # PG 15
pig ext install -y pg_rational -v 14  # PG 14

dnf install -y pg_rational_18       # PG 18
dnf install -y pg_rational_17       # PG 17
dnf install -y pg_rational_16       # PG 16
dnf install -y pg_rational_15       # PG 15
dnf install -y pg_rational_14       # PG 14

apt install -y postgresql-18-rational   # PG 18
apt install -y postgresql-17-rational   # PG 17
apt install -y postgresql-16-rational   # PG 16
apt install -y postgresql-15-rational   # PG 15
apt install -y postgresql-14-rational   # PG 14

Create Extension:

CREATE EXTENSION pg_rational;

Usage

Sources:

• pg_rational v0.0.3 README
• pg_rational v0.0.3 control file
• Changes through v0.0.3

pg_rational provides exact fractional arithmetic in a fixed 64-bit PostgreSQL type. Use rational for values that must remain exact and for user-defined row ordering where new positions need to be inserted between existing positions without renumbering the table.

Exact Arithmetic

CREATE EXTENSION pg_rational;

SELECT 1::rational / 3 * 3 = 1;
SELECT '1/3'::rational + '2/7'::rational;
SELECT rational_simplify('36/12');

The extension detects arithmetic overflow instead of silently wrapping. ratt is a helper type for tuple coercion:

SELECT 1 + (i, i + 1)::ratt
FROM generate_series(1, 5) AS i;

Conversions are available between integer values, floating-point values, and rationals. Converting a float finds a rational approximation; converting a rational to float loses exactness.

Stable User-Defined Ordering

CREATE SEQUENCE todos_seq AS integer;

CREATE TABLE todos (
  prio rational UNIQUE DEFAULT nextval('todos_seq')::integer,
  what text NOT NULL
);

INSERT INTO todos (what)
VALUES ('install extension'), ('read about it'), ('try it');

UPDATE todos
SET prio = rational_intermediate(1, 2)
WHERE what = 'try it';

SELECT * FROM todos ORDER BY prio;

Use an integer sequence and cast nextval() explicitly. The extension intentionally has no implicit bigint-to-rational conversion because its numerator is limited to the PostgreSQL integer range.

Indexes, Aggregates, and Caveats

• rational supports btree and hash operator classes, so it can be used in ordered and equality indexes.
• The extension supplies min(rational), max(rational), and sum(rational) aggregates in addition to arithmetic and comparison operators.
• rational_intermediate(lower, upper) walks a Stern-Brocot tree to find a fraction between its arguments. Extremely narrow ranges take longer, and v0.0.3 has no maximum-depth parameter; do not expose attacker-controlled pathological bounds without a statement timeout.
• Values are exact only while arithmetic stays within the type’s numerator and denominator limits. Handle overflow errors rather than falling back silently to floating point.
• Version 0.0.3 is primarily a build-compatibility and documentation release; the user-facing rational arithmetic surface remains stable.